Jackson

Jackson is a city in and the county seat of Madison County, Tennessee. Located 70 miles (110 km) east of Memphis, it is a regional center of trade for West Tennessee. Its total population was 68,205 as of the 2020 United States census. Originally named Alexandria, the city was renamed in 1822 to honor General Andrew Jackson, a hero of the War of 1812. The city of Jackson did not establish public elections until 1837, with a Board of Aldermen elected at-large. Jackson is Madison County's largest city, and the second-largest city in West Tennessee next to Memphis. It is home to the Tennessee Supreme Court's courthouse for WestTennessee, as Jackson was the major city in the west when the court was established in 1834. Through the 1960s, Jackson was served by 15 passenger trains daily, but industry restructuring reduced such service and caused the loss of jobs. The economy has adjusted to new businesses, with major manufacturing in the area. This area was initially developed for agricultural purposes, especially cotton plantations for producing the chief commodity crop of the Mississippi Valley and Deep South. It was occupied by the historic Chickasaw people at the time of European encounter. They were pushed out by European-American settlers under various treaties with the United States, in actions authorized by the Indian Removal Act of 1830 and ratified by the US Senate. In 1862, General Ulysses Grant decided to concentrate his efforts to disrupt the South's supply of cotton.

Geography

Jackson is located at 35°3759N 88°4915W (35.633132, 88.820805).According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 49.5 square miles (128 km²), all land. The city is home to the Jackson High School football team, which won the state championship in 2010. The school's football team also won the National Championship in 2010, the first time the school had won the title since the 1970s. The football team won the national championship in 1991, the second year in a row, and the first since the city was founded in 1881. The team's winningest player was Mark Whitaker, who played for the University of Mississippi from 1988 to 1991. The town's nickname is "Jackson" and the city's motto is "The City of Jackson", which is a reference to the town's motto, "The Town of Jackson, Mississippi". The city's population was 1,816 in the 2010 Census, up from 1,071 in the 1990s. It has a population of 1,715 in the 2000 Census, down from 2,091 in 2000. It is the site of one of the nation's largest high school football programs, the Jackson Bulldogs, which has won two state championships in the last five years. It also has a high school wrestling program, the Jamboree High School Football team, and a junior college football team.

History

The City of Jackson was founded by an act of the Tennessee General Assembly, passed in 1821, entitled an "act to establish a seat of justice for Henry, Carroll, Henderson and Madison Counties" Originally named Alexandria, the city was renamed in 1822 to honor General Andrew Jackson, a hero of the War of 1812. The city of Jackson did not establish public elections until 1837, with a Board of Aldermen elected at-large. Free people of color and freedmen were not allowed to vote in the state until after passage of federal constitutional amendments following the Civil War that granted them citizenship and suffrage. As county seat, Jackson was a trading town and retail center for surrounding agricultural areas. But developing as a railroad hub of several lines was most important to Jackson's industrial and population growth, from 1852 on for the next hundred years. In 1862 Tennessee came under the control of Union forces and was occupied until General Ulysses S. Grant decided to concentrate his efforts to the South. Between December 11, 1862 and January 1, 1863, an engagement at Jackson occurred during Confederate Brigadier General Nathan Bedford Forrest's expedition into West Tennessee. Forrest wanted to disrupt the rail supply line to Grant's army, which was campaigning along the route of the Mississippi Central Railroad. As a result of the destruction of the railroad, Grant abandoned his plans to invade Mississippi in favor of an attack on Vicksburg, Mississippi, for control of the river. Jackson became a major center for Union troops for the duration of the war.

Demographics

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 68,205 people, 25,925 households, and 16,075 families residing in the city. Since the 2010 Census, the city has added 9.4459 (24.5/km²) The racial makeup of the city was 49.2% White, 45.07% African American, 0.2%. Native American, 1.2. Asian, 0,02% Pacific Islander, 2.3% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.0% of the population. The city is the larger principal city of the Jackson-Humboldt CSA, a Combined Statistical Area that includes the Jackson metropolitan area (Chester and Madison counties) and the HumboldT micropolitan area (Gibson County) The CSA had a combined population of 165,108 at the 2010 census. The median income for a household in theCity was $38,169, and the median income. for a family was $45,938. The per capita income was $23,762. About 15.6% of families and 21.6%. of the residents were below the poverty line, including 36% of those under age 18 and 8.24%. of those age 65 or over. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.03, according to the 2010 U.S. Census.

Transportation

Interstate 40 runs through the city in an east-west direction, connecting the city with Memphis to the west and Nashville to the east. U.S. Route 45, locally known as Highland Avenue, runs north to south to Gibson County and Chester County. The Jackson Transit Authority line provides intra-city bus service, while the Greyhound Bus line provides inter-city service. McKellar-Sipes Regional Airport (MKL) serves the city.Historically the city was the junction of north-south trains, such as the Illinois Central's City of Miami and east- west trains such as. the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway's the City of Memphis. The city is home to the University of Tennessee at Memphis, which was founded in 1876. The university is located on the banks of the Tennessee River, near the city's downtown area. The University of Memphis is a member of the Southeastern Conference of NCAA Division II, which is a division of the Division I of the National College and University System of Tennessee. It is also home to Tennessee State University, which has a campus in downtown Memphis. It was the home of Tennessee State Normal School, which began in 1877. The Tennessee State Highway System was established in 1878. It runs from Nashville to Knoxville. It also runs east to west between Huntingdon and Brownsville, and north to west from Knoxville to Dyersburg, Tennessee. The state highway system was created in 1881.

Education

K-12 public schools in the city and county are operated by the consolidated Jackson-Madison County School System. High schools include: Jackson Central-Merry Early College High School and Liberty Technology Magnet High School. Specialist schools operated by State of Tennessee include: West Tennessee School for the Deaf. Private schools include Jackson Christian School, Sacred Heart of Jesus High School, Trinity Christian Academy, and University School of Jackson. The city is home to the University of Memphis at Lambuth and the Tennessee College of Applied Technology at Jackson. It is also home to Jackson State Community College, Lane College, Union University and University of Tennessee at Martin Jackson Center. It also has a number of private schools, some of which are located in the unincorporated areas of the city. It has a population of 1.2 million. The population of Jackson, Tennessee, as of the 2010 census was 1.3 million. It was the state's second-largest city, after Memphis, with 1.4 million people in 2010. The state's largest city was Knoxville, Tennessee with 2.7 million people. It had a population in the 1990s of 1,856,000. It's the state capital of Tennessee and the largest city in the state with 1,788,000 people. The county's largest employer is the Tennessee College of Applied Technology and Engineering with 1,972,000 employees. It also has a large number of non-profit organizations.

Recreation, sports, and entertainment

Jackson was the site of the now permanently closed International Rock-A-Billy Hall of Fame Museum. The Jackson Generals, a Double-A Minor League Baseball team of the Southern League played at The Ballpark at Jackson from 1998 to 2020. In conjunction with Major League Baseball's reorganization of the minor leagues after the 2020 season, the Generals were not invited to serve as any team's affiliate, effectively ending their run in affiliated baseball. The Winnipeg Goldeyes of the independent American Association temporarily moved their operations to Jackson due to COVID-19 restrictions shutting down the US-Canada border. The Hub City Hurricanes of the IBL played in Jackson for one season in 2007. Jackson hosted the NAIA Women's Division I National Championship basketball tournament in the Oman Arena from 1990 to 2011. A little league team from Jackson played in the Little League World Series in Williamsport, PA to date, the only team from West Tennessee to qualify. West Tennessee Healthcare Sportsplex is a travel baseball and softball complex. It hosts numerous tournaments throughout the year and has contributed to the growth explosion in the northeast corridor of the city. Local tennis USTA Southern Hall of Famer, Fran Chandler can be seen playing here.Slowly taking over the old tennis courts at Conger Park and growing in popularity in Jackson is pickleball. The courts are built to USTA regulations allowing official tournaments to be conducted. Up until 2016, the City Closed tennis tournament was played at Conging Park courts. Now the tournament is played at the new courts.

Crime

According to Morgan Quitno's 2010 Metropolitan Crime Rate Rankings, the Jackson metropolitan area had the 13th-highest crime rate in the United States. In 2006, it had been listed as the 18th most dangerous metropolitan area in the U.S. The Morgan Quit no list of the "Top 25 Most Dangerous Cities of 2007", ranked Jackson's as the 9th most deadly metropolitan area. In 2010, Jackson's crime rate was 13th out of the nation's 25 most dangerous cities. It was ranked 18th in 2006, and 9th in 2007. The crime rate is expected to rise in the next few years, according to the 2010 report. The city has a high rate of violent crime, especially drug-related crimes. The area has a low rate of property crime, and a low crime rate overall. It is one of the most crime-free cities in the country. It has the highest crime rate of any city in the state of Mississippi. It also has the lowest crime rate out of all the states, compared to other large cities such as New York, Chicago and Los Angeles. It had the highest homicide rate in 2007, and the lowest rate in 2008. The rate was the same in 2009 and 2010, but the rate was higher in 2011 and 2012. The Jackson area has the third-lowest crime rate, after New York and Washington, D.C., and the fourth lowest rate of Los Angeles and San Francisco. The region has the fifth-highest murder rate, behind New York City and San Diego.

Healthcare

West Tennessee Healthcare (Jackson-Madison County General Hospital District) was created by a law passed by the Tennessee General Assembly in 1949. It serves as the public hospital system of the city of Jackson. The city appoints some of the members of the board of directors. It is the largest hospital system in the state, with more than 1,000 beds. It was founded by the state legislature in 1949, and was named after the Madison County, Tennessee, hospital district. It has been in existence since the 1950s and is based in Jackson, Tennessee. It also has a satellite hospital in Knoxville, where it has been based since the 1970s. It now has a network of more than 100 hospitals across the state. The hospital system has been around for more than 50 years, and has a budget of about $1.5 billion. It's the largest in the country. It provides health care for about 2,000 people. It opened in 1961. It became the first state-run hospital in Tennessee in the late 1950s. The state legislature passed a law creating the system in 1949; it was named for Madison County. The Jackson hospital system was formed in 1961; it is the only one in Tennessee to have its own hospital system. It covers the entire state of Tennessee, with the exception of Knoxville and parts of two counties. It began operating in the early 1960s and has been there ever since. The system is called West Tennessee Healthcare, and it was formed by a state law passed in 1968.

Air Quality, Water Quality, Superfund Sites & UV Index

The Air Quality index is in Jackson, Madison County, Tennessee = 73.6. These Air Quality index is based on annual reports from the EPA. Higher values are better (100=best). The number of ozone alert days is used as an indicator of air quality, as are the amounts of seven pollutants including particulates, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, lead, and volatile organic chemicals. The Water Quality Index is 47. A measure of the quality of an area’s water supply as rated by the EPA. Higher values are better (100=best). The EPA has a complex method of measuring the watershed quality, using 15 indicators such as pollutants, turbidity, sediments, and toxic discharges. The Superfund Sites Index is 10. Higher is better (100=best). Based upon the number and impact of EPA Superfund pollution sites in the county, including spending on the cleanup efforts. The UV Index in Jackson = 4.7 and is a measure of an area's exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays. This is most often a combination of sunny weather, altitude, and latitude. The UV Index has been defined by the WHO (www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/radiation-the-ultraviolet-(uv)-index) and is uniform worldwide.

Employed

The most recent city population of 68,205 individuals with a median age of 34.4 age the population grows by 6.65% in Jackson, Madison County, Tennessee population since 2000 and are distributed over a density of 1,161.07 residents per square mile of area (448.30/km²). There are average 2.35 people per household in the 25,516 households with an average household income of $36,763 a year. The unemployment rate in Alabama is 11.10% of the available work force and has dropped -5.74% over the most recent 12-month period and the projected change in job supply over the next decade based on migration patterns, economic growth, and other factors will increase by 17.42%. The number of physicians in Jackson per 100,000 population = 382.1.

Weather

The annual rainfall in Jackson = 51.1 inches and the annual snowfall = 4.7 inches. The annual number of days with measurable precipitation (over .01 inch) = 102. The average number of days per year that are predominantly sunny = 213. 91 degrees Fahrenheit is the average daily high temperature for the month of July and 29.3 degrees Fahrenheit is the average daily low temperature for the month of January. The Comfort Index (higher=better) is 32, where higher values mean a more pleasant climate. The Comfort Index measure recognizes that humidity by itself isn't the problem. (Have you noticed nobody ever complains about the weather being 'cold and humid?) It's in the summertime that we notice the humidity the most, when it's hot and muggy. Our Comfort Index uses a combination of afternoon summer temperature and humidity to closely predict the effect that the humidity will have on people.

Median Home Cost

The percentage of housing units in Jackson, Madison County, Tennessee which are owned by the occupant = 51.68%. A housing unit is a house, apartment, mobile home, or room occupied as separate living quarters. The average age of homes = 31 years with median home cost = $91,080 and home appreciation of -0.47%. This is the value of the years most recent home sales data. Its important to note that this is not the average (or arithmetic mean). The median home price is the middle value when you arrange all the sales prices of homes from lowest to highest. This is a better indicator than the average, because the median is not changed as much by a few unusually high or low values. The property tax rate of $7.71 shown here is the rate per $1,000 of home value. If for simplification for example the tax rate is $14.00 and the home value is $250,000, the property tax would be $14.00 x ($250,000/1000), or $3500. This is the 'effective' tax rate.

Study

The local school district spends $4,884 per student. There are 16.1 students for each teacher in the school, 493 students for each Librarian and 397 students for each Counselor. 5.01% of the area’s population over the age of 25 with an Associate Degree or other 2-year college degree, 15.06% with a master’s degree, Ph.D. or other advanced college degree and 8.85% with high school diplomas or high school equivalency degrees (GEDs).